Geotagging historical images

The two ladies pictured above are stopped at the North Church Street entrance to the Selwyn Hotel, which opened at Church and Trade in 1907.

The Carolina Room's website, cmstory.org, boasts an extensive collection of historic photographs of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. With a little inspiration from other local history libraries and some guidance from the Web Services team here at the Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, we can now link those photos to points on a Google map, thus showing the exact modern location of a photograph taken decades ago. For the first results of our efforts in that direction click on the link below.

http://tinyurl.com/d4npry

Leave a comment! Tell us how you like it.

Hiding the Gold, part three of four

A reproduction of Carson's treasure map, as it appears in the typewritten transcript of his testimony.


This is the third installment of James Carson's account of hiding the gold of the bank of North Carolina in a safe place at the close of the Civil War. He and three other men have successfully conveyed it to a secluded spot out of town. Here he describes the steps they took to conceal it.

The Camp

After leaving the place where we had halted for about an hour we were fortunate in meeting but few people; the road was firmer and our pace was faster than the night before. There was[sic] but few farm houses on the road, and few openings or cleared fields, and we were getting to a place where we thought we might find shelter and concealment. We had made some five or six miles when we reached what appeared to be a good hiding place, out of sight of any habitation, and no one being in sight, we left the road and struck for the thicket.

Our driver being an expert, managed to get through the undergrowth with but little difficulty, some of us going ahead and removing any obstructions that might be in the way, and it was not long before we were out of view of anyone passing the road. We continued our journey thus for a half a mile or more when fortunately we came to a branch, just the thing of all others that we were looking for. It was not very inviting it is true but it was water, and something we were obliged to have. We halted, and after a careful examination, we concluded it would do; so we went to work with the only shovel we had clearing out the bed of the stream, and also cleaning out the spring at its head. It was not long before we had it running nicely, and knew it would supply all the water we wanted for man and beast.

After this work was successfully accomplished we began making preparations for dinner, which was enjoyed by all. The next thing after our repast was to see what was to be done with our precious charge. To leave it in the wagon would never do. We had to make some disposition of it, and that quickly, as we did not know when the soldiers might come upon us, well concealed as we thought ourselves to be. So we made a careful survey of our surroundings, and found good hiding places for some of our plunder.

There had been a fire some years before in these woods which had burned some of the pines (the dead ones) entirely up, leaving round holes in the ground where the trees had stood. These holes were just the thing for the kegs, which contained the silver, and were much larger and harder to hide than the boxes containing the gold; but these holes made it much easier, and it took but little trouble or time in getting clear of them. After accomplishing this task we still had the gold to dispose of. This was a much more difficult job, as we found no ready made holes for them. At last we dicided that we must make holds for them, but where? was the question. Finally we concluded to dig a hold about six feet square and two feet deep, large enough and deep enough to hold all the boxes except two or three, which we thought could safely be buried in the branch. So, after coming to this conclusion, as night was coming on, we had supper, fed and watered the stock, and all hands got ready for the night work that was ahead of us.

We marked off the ground that was to be excavated, and with but one tool for us five, we went to work, digging by turns, and carrying away the excavated earth in the bucket for watering the stock, and dumping it in the bed of the branch some hundred yards below. The ground was not very hard, and we met with no rock or roots in digging, and by ten o'clock our pit was sunk, and ready for the boxes. We covered the bottom with them and then packed in the earth around them until nearly level with the surface, when we carefully replaced the turf which we had first removed, and gathered up all the loose earth that remained around the pit and dumped it in the branch, and this most difficult part of the work was done.

We still had two or three boxes to dispose of but we soon found a good hiding place in the bottom of the branch for them. About midnight our task, so far as burying the quarter of a million of treasure, was accomplished, but before retiring for the night we collected some old logs and trash and placed them over our pit and set them on fire, in order to obliterate as soon as possible, any marks that might exist to show that the surface had been disturbed.

After this the three that were not on guard found places rest, and the camp was quiet.

Next morning we had every tell-tale vestige of our work of the previous night removed, so that in the event of having a visit from anyone, nothing could be seen to indicate that anything had been buried by us.

We also made careful measurements from a given point giving the courses, as near as we could determine without a compass, and the distance, and made a chart or plot of the same, so that any one of us could locate the kegs and boxes in the future. The Chart was something like this. [See picture at beginning of entry]

On account of the number of grasshoppers, we gave the name of "Grasshopper Springs" to our Camp.

Hiding the gold, part two of four

Mules, like this one photographed by cindy47452 on flickr, pulled the wagon that Carson and his crew loaded.

This entry continues the story begun in the previous blog post of how the gold from the bank of North Carolina was hidden for a time in the final days of the Civil War.

In the first installment, the president of the Charlotte branch of the Bank of North Carolina, James Carson, described how the gold had been moved to Charlotte during the war. The approach of Sherman from the South and Stoneman from the North alarmed him sufficiently that he, two bank employees, and a local wagoner made plans to remove it from the vault under cover of night.

The Start

It did not require much time in getting everything ready for the journey.

Cooking utensils consisting of a frying pan, a skillet, a coffee pot, a half dozen tin cups and set of knives and forks constituted our kitchen inventory.

Three or four hams, a sack of flour, sugar and coffee, salt and pepper, some butter and lard and a basket of eggs was about all we took along for a journey which might last, we could not tell how long. We supplied ourselves with blankets and comforts for bedding, and our driver supplied corn and oats for his team.

It was early in April 1865 when all things were in readiness for the move. Mr. Kennedy had his instructions to have his team in front of the bank about 7 o'clock P. M. The sky was overcast, and we had had a very wet spring, and, as I have before stated, the roads were in a a wretched condition, bur our driver was on time. As we had collected everything at the bank, it did not take over thirty minutes to load. The specie was first put in, then the bedding, cooking utensils, provisions, guns, etc.

There was but little light, if any, on the street and a candle set inside the vault was all the light that was in the bank; the wagon had its cover closely drawn so as to prevent anyone with prying eyes from seeing what was going on inside. So quickly was everything conducted that I do not believe there was a soul, outside of those who had the matter in charge, who knew or suspicioned what was going on.

The bank was where the Observer office is now located. [32 S. Tryon St.] The party who were in this expedition were Thomas W. Dewey, Cashier, S. L. Riddle, Teller, and the writer, President, John M. Springs and Mr. Kennedy, our driver.

We did not know where we were going to land when we left Charlotte, but late that afternoon Stoneman had set fire to the bridge on the Catawba at Rozzelles Ferry, twelve miles Northwest of Charlotte, and as the smoke from the burning bridge could be plainly seen, and it was known before we left that it was Stoneman's raiders at work, and that too at uncomfortably close quarters - it did not take us long to decide to go east.

The Journey

It was about eight o'clock when we got everything aboard with fully four thousand pounds of freight and more than three fourths of it in gold and silver. Some of us went ahead to be picked up on the way, and the others concealed themselves in the well covered wagon, with the exception of the driver, who was of course exposed to view, but he soon got out of the main streets and was unobserved.

We took what was then called the Lawyers' Road, making slow but sure progress. After getting a few miles out of town, squads of two or three horsemen would frequently pass us, all going our way, and as it was not wise or prudent to interview them, it produced the belief strongly in our minds that they were stragglers flying from Stoneman, whom we supposed was making for Charlotte. The squads were a noisy set and some of them were disposed to be a little too inquisitive, so, having come to a place along the road covered with a dense growth of cedar and young pine, we thought best to take shelter among them until the main road was free from these men. We remained here until after midnight, when we again got back to the main road and resumed our flight. We found everything quiet, and seeing no signs of fire in the direction of Charlotte, concluded that Stoneman had not yet reached it. We jogged along as fast as the road and our heavy load would permit, and by seven o'clock next morning we found ourselves twelve miles on our way and the worst part of the road passed.

Here we made a halt, had the mules watered and fed, made some coffee and fried some ham, and enjoyed our breakfast. While at our repast Mr. John S. Means drove up with a four-horse team with a negro driver. Mr. Means expressed a desire to remain with us, but we were not looking for company, especially when there was a negro in the party, so we told him to go ahead and we would overtake him, but we never did. His load was light and ours heavy, so he outtravelled us.

Hiding the Gold - part one of four

The following is the testimony of James H. Carson, 1829-1919, merchant and mineowner in Charlotte, NC, as recorded in the Cornelia Berry Fore papers. The Fore papers are archived in the Robinson-Spangler Carolina Room of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Library.

Grasshopper Springs in 1865

It was near the close of the Civil War. Sherman had made his celebrated march from Atlanta, through Georgia to the sea, and was continuing his march across South Carolina - had reached Columbia, and that city had been burnt either by his order, or by the Confederate troops who are said to have set fire to some cotton in the streets. Be that as it may, the city was destroyed, and Sherman continued on his triumphant march towards North Carolina, coming as far as Winnsboro in the direction of Charlotte, when this little event never chronicled in print, had its inception.

The Bank of the state of North Carolina before the war was one of the largest in the South, having a capital of four million dollars - equal to any fifteen banks now in the state. It was located at Raleigh, but had branches in Charlotte, New Bern, Tarboro, and several other places in the state.

As the war progressed, the eastern portion of the state was soon invaded by federal troops, and the branches of the Bank located in that section had to pack up and remove to the interior, some of them coming to Raleigh and others to Charlotte. At last however all the specie the bank owned, amounting to about two hundred fifty thousand dollars, was sent to [the] branch Bank at Charlotte, as it was thought it would be safer here and less liable to capture than at any other point where a branch of the bank was located.

For some time no apprehension was felt in regard to its safety, but when Sherman's troops got to Winnsboro and Stoneman's raiders were getting uncomfortably close to us, some doubt was felt about the safety of the specie in the vault of the branch at Charlotte.

Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had been here and had his headquarters at the Bank, but soon left, going east to attempt to intercept Sherman's forces, and some of his troops had passed through going in the same direction.

As this move left Charlotte uncovered and without protection, some of us who were the most interested in saving that specie had a conference and after mature deliberation decided that the money would be safer in the woods somewhere than in the bank's vault.

The next thing to consider was how to do it. Teams of any sort were hard to obtain, as they had been taken for the use of the army, and the Rail Roads did not run in a direction that we thought safe. the weight of the specie was between three and four thousand pounds, which would require a good team to haul over such roads as we then had leading out from Charlotte. We were fortunate however in finding the man for the occasion.

A. A. Kennedy was his name. He lived about one mile north of Biddle Institute, had been a wagoner all his life, and always had good teams. Fortunately too, he owned ten thousand dollars worth of stock in the Bank, and this fact relieved us of any embarassment in applying to him for his aid. It was soon granted and it took us but a short time to arrange the program for our flight.

The specie was all in strongboxes and kegs, ready for shipment.

To be continued in the next blog post.

Digging for gold

"It was gold, the selection of Charlotte as a railroad junction, and the building of a network of converging highways which made Charlotte great." (Charles Brockman, Hornet's Nest, Charlotte, 1961, p.267.)

"What accounts for Charlotte?" an out-of-town visitor to the library asked me recently. Why did a city arise here at all, I supposed he meant, so I cited the Indian crossroads which presaged the later crossing of wagon roads, railroads, highways, and air routes in the same location. This transaction has stayed with me because I felt the inadequacy of my answer. Considering Charlotte as a crossroads explains why there is any kind of conglomeration here at all, but does not explain why it is such a large urban center. Any number of other Piedmont towns were the peers of Charlotte in the first half of the nineteenth century. In Sorting out the New South City (Chapel Hill, 1998), Thomas Hanchett explains the importance of the railroad, which came to Charlotte in 1852. It gave farmers a reason to take their produce to Charlotte rather than other market towns. But what made Charlotte a good spot for a railroad depot in the first place? The difference was gold.

Before the coming of the railroad, gold-mining and (after 1835) the minting of gold drew people to Charlotte and diversified the local economy, freeing it from entire dependence on cotton. (The next post to this blog will reprint a story of gold in Charlotte's past from the Civil War era.) The gold deposits discovered in the western states later in the nineteenth century would overshadow the Carolinas' gold rush but not before Charlotte had built on the initial prosperity it brought.

Charlotte's gold-mining days still attract researchers. The Depression of the 1930s sparked renewed local interest in mining, but the veins were exhausted by then. The current specter of hard times returning has brought more people into the library to ask about the location of old mines. Others study it for its historical importance rather than to strike it rich themselves. These latter researchers have a new lode of information to consider now thanks to librarian Jane Johnson of the Carolina Room. She recently travelled to the office of the National Archives in Atlanta, Georgia. There she spent the better part of a week photocopying nineteenth-century records pertaining to the Assay Office and the Mint in Charlotte. She's organizing them now, and they will soon be available to researchers.

Charlotte wet and dry

The library recently received a gift of four decades worth of letters from J. B. Ivey, the founder of the Ivey's department store chain. He wrote a newsletter almost every week from the 1920s to the 1950s to far-flung family and friends, informing them of "Home News", as he called it. He used the newsletter to report on sickness and health in his wide circle of acquaintance, to describe the state of his garden, for which he was famous, and to give news from the Methodist Church, in which he was a leader. The one bit of trivia that anyone who knows anything about Mr. Ivey seems to know concerns his adherence to church teaching. He ordered the windows of his store to be shuttered on Sundays, so that no-one would be distracted from church-going by the temptation to window shop.

The letters offer very little commentary on matters beyond his personal sphere, one exception being temperance. As the nation and the state debated Prohibition, Mr. Ivey expressed his hope that North Carolina, at least, would stay "dry" - forbidding the sale or manufacture of alcoholic beverages. To appreciate the context for his convictions, one may consult a small volume on the Carolina Room shelves: Prohibition Didn't End in '33. It is an oral history project, edited by Margaret Bigger and published in 1994. It features the words of Charlotte residents, who must have been seventy or eighty years old at the time of the interviews, recalling experiences and family lore from the period of Prohibition.

One story in the book from Charlotte's history concerns the disposal of contraband liquor seized by the local police. From the police station on East Fourth Street, they would dump it into the storm drain, which emptied into Sugar Creek. The flow of whiskey produced a noticeable smell, and some local drinkers even filled empty bottles at this source!

Conserving Maps

The Carolina Room houses maps of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County and the Carolinas. The oldest are reproductions of colonial-era maps. Original maps from the twentieth-century show the growth of Charlotte, the layout of old neighborhoods, the courses of roads and waterways that have since altered, and in a few cases the location of individual structures.

Librarians at the Carolina room have made access to the maps easier while insuring them against harm as well. We have rearranged the shelves in the map room so that all the cases of map file drawers are together and we have placed them in "sleeves" - clear plastic covers. Note that the map held by librarian Thomas Cole in the accompanying photograph does not droop when held within its archival sleeve. It is less likely to be damaged by use and easier to find and extract.

Mecklenburg County has put some historic maps online also.

Digitizing images from microfilm

Advertisements from the North Carolina Whig, Feb. 11, 1852

Good news for all searchers of old newspapers and public records! Earlier this year the Carolina Room obtained a new microfilm reader - a Konica-Monica MS7000. Among other features, it could function as a scanner - converting the photographic image on microfilm to a digital file. It took some doing - see this other blog entry for details - but the Carolina Room staff are now able to transfer images directly from the microfilm reader to a laptop computer.

This service improvement permits us to respond to requests for newspaper articles or other microfilmed content by attaching a file to an email and sending it off. Compared to printing it out and mailing it, this method gives our users the materials they need in less time and in higher quality reproductions.

Visitors to the library with their own laptops may also connect to the scanner and download images, though library staff would have to instruct them first on how to set up their computers to communicate with the scanner.